Saturday, December 28, 2019

Investigation Of A Criminal Investigation Essay - 1447 Words

Investigation Research A criminal investigator can be described as an individual who collects, records, and analyzes evidence and information related to a criminal offense. The main goal of criminal investigation is to discover the truth regarding the events and processes that contributed to the occurrence of a criminal offense. Generally, the investigative process has four major objectives i.e. establishing the occurrence of an offense, determining and arresting the suspect, recovering stolen property, and facilitating the prosecution of those involved in the offense. Criminal investigation is a profession or practice that has evolved considerably over time due to numerous efforts to enhance the effectiveness of law enforcement. The evolution of criminal investigation research is linked to the history and development of criminal investigation. History of Criminal Investigation The history of criminal investigation can be traced back to the 18th Century in England during a period characterized by considerable political, economic, and social changes (Swanson, Chamelin, Territo Taylor, 2012, p.2). These various changes were crucial to the development of the first contemporary detective force known as Bow Street Runners. These factors in turn resulted in the eventual development of police organizations and criminal investigations in America. Notably, there are two major changes that took place in the 18th Century i.e. an industrial revolution and an agriculturalShow MoreRelatedInvestigation And Investigation : The Three Elements Of Criminal Investigation858 Words   |  4 PagesA criminal investigation is a question and collection of items or knowledge, that then helps you reach a conclusion and find the answer you were looking for. 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Friday, December 20, 2019

How Technology Affects The Security Risk Equation Within...

There is a revolution underway that has the potential to be staggeringly transformational and, at the same time, highly disruptive; it is currently called the Internet of Things (IoT) trend. IoT (also referred to as â€Å"Internet of Everything†) devices have embedded network, computing and other information processing capabilities, which allow these devices to be interconnected. The number and types of devices that are being manufactured with these built-in IoT features are increasing rapidly. It is imperative to take notice of the IoT trend because it has a strong potential to redefine the Security risk equation within many enterprises. This growing internetwork of â€Å"things† comprise of physical objects with the capability to communicate in new ways—with each other, with their owners or operators, with their manufacturers or with others—to make people’s lives easier and enterprises more efficient and competitive. The possible use cases for IoT are extensive and growing by the day. Already, automobiles, household appliances, biomedical devices and other purpose-built devices are processing data, communicating with each other and performing other automated tasks, such as keeping themselves updated, notifying users of potential repair issues and tracking (and potentially scheduling automatically) routine service calls. Less predictable use cases include smart utensils that help to monitor eating habits, smart socks that measure pressure to help improve running performance and aShow MoreRelatedRisk Management And Homeland Security1309 Words   |  6 PagesRisk Management and Homeland S ecurity The nation’s homeland security is a very multifaceted environment which must be controlled to effective function at its highest potential. â€Å"The safety, security, and resilience of the Nation are threatened by an array of hazards, including acts of terrorism, manmade accidents, and natural disasters† (DHS., 2011). 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Thursday, December 12, 2019

Terrorism is Primarily Due to Globalization-myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theTerrorism is Primarily Due to Globalization. Answer: I strongly agree that terrorism is primarily caused by globalization. I think if there was no globalization, there would be no or less terrorists attack on the world. Globalization has been the cause of frustrations and extremism that has been witnessed in different terrorist groups around the world. The following essay contains my argument in support that globalization is the cause of increased terror attacks in different part of the world. This will involve definition, consequences of globalization, and the relationship between terrorism and globalization. Terrorism is an act of unlawfully using violence and intimidation to civilians while pursuing personal or group aims. Terrorism is criminal tactics deliberately targeting innocent civilians by taking them hostage or killing them (Asal, 2011). Terrorism involves an armed group raiding attacks to unarmed civilians or security stations/ camps at a time considered as peacetime. Terrorism activities are aimed at intimidating, provoking, or persuading target audiences in struggle for supremacy either socially, politically or economically. Globalization is the integration and coordination of the world as a result of removed boundaries barriers between countries. Globalization involves free movement of people, goods, services, capital, information, and technology. The global integration is as a result of increasing convergence of needs, products, views, idea, and culture ( Schmid, 2015). Therefore globalization integrates the world socially, politically and economically to be one global vill age. To begin with, globalization has impacted the world socially. Globalization has changed peoples culture, religion, and interactions. New cultures have emerged that are viewed superior and acceptable in the world. These new cultures have eroded the traditional beliefs and practices that have raised high concerns from conservative individuals or groups. Globalization also changed relationships in the society, roles, and responsibilities (Singh, 2012). The role of women in the society has changed and there men dominance has reduced. This has changed how women are viewed in the society. This impact of globalization has led to several consequences that cause terrorism. First, social disruption has increased discriminations in the society. Individuals or groups who do not conform to the new culture, vices, or lifestyles are discriminated. They are viewed as primitive or uncivilized group in the twenty first century. Discrimination has led to people being denied opportunities or be stereoty ped because of belonging to a particular group. Discrimination has also led to certain groups turning against one another with motive to revenge or seek just. Secondly, social disruption has led to religion phobia. Regiophobia has increased with increased extremism from different groups of religion. For instance, Islamophobia has increased in the western societies in extent of isolation and stereotype to be all terrorism (Lutz Lutz, 2016). People belonging to Islam are feared to be terrorists and this has led to Islam referred as hostile religion. Regiophobia has led to religious group feeling intimidated in the society for their beliefs and practices. This has in return triggered organized hit back to civilians of other believes. Lastly, social integration as a result of globalization has led to emergence of social identity. Social identity refers to strong feeling of belonging to a particular group that influence a persons mind. Social identity affects an individual social percep tion and behavior. This strong feeling of belonging to a group has to individuals engaging in terror attacks to protect their social category. For instance, individuals of social identity as Muslims have strong connection to Islam that affects his/her social behavior and perceptions. Having a strong identity makes individuals to interpret religion or tradition ideologies in response to threats perceived to be transpiring in the society. Therefore, individuals with strong connections to their cultures or religion view modern society as a threat and this lead them to launching attacks to protect their social category. Globalization has led to integration of the economies. This has increased terrorism as a result of economic factors. Globalization of the world economy has facilitated the terror groups to get funding, travel, mobilize capital and access products and services (Chowdhury, 2010). Globalization has enabled terror groups to seek funding from different part of the world. They are able to inquire for money anywhere in the world that makes it easy for them to finance their attack around the earth. For instance, a terrorism group in Somali can easily get funding from Asian Islamic States who have more resources. Globalization also enables terror groups to travel around the world to attack civilians. The developed and integrated air, land, and water transport system enable terrorists to travel from one part of the world to another. Terrorists are able to board airplanes and reach their target destination easily and timely. Economic globalization has also enabled the terrorism groups to mobili ze capital for their attack. Terror groups are able to get vehicles, guns, bombs, and protective gears for their operations. Integration of the economy enables them to cross border and hire the best equipments to attack civilians. Terror groups are also able to buy food and other essential products for their use during trainings and attacks. On another account, economic integration has disrupted the traditional society. Globalization of the economies has disrupted the traditional society that was focused on the community at large. This has been replaced by modern systems of economics that are based on capitalism ideologies. This is different form the traditional socialism economies where society interests came first. This disruption has caused major changes in the society as a result of changed motives to work. Individuals in the society are motivated by money, power, and social class. This change is against several religious groups that hold to the idea that people should act to se rve the community interest. This ideology has also led to new vices in the society. The disruption of the traditional society as a result of economic globalization has faced resistance from the conservative groups who thinks it wrong to be materialistic and selfish (Tasp?nar, 2009). Lastly, globalization of economies has generally led to frustrations to underperforming or stagnant economies. Despite being educated, individuals in some economies feel frustrated when they are unable to create and accumulate wealth. For instance, Islamic states in Asian feel frustrated with globalization after recording stagnation for decades. This is different to other western economies such as Finland that are able to create double of the wealth despite Islamic states exporting oil and natural gases. Economic frustrations lead to economic motivations to launch terror attack to steady growing economies. Therefore, globalization of economies has facilitated terrorism by enabling terror groups and causi ng frustrations. Thirdly, globalization has integrated political schemes that pressurize countries and states to conform to specific regulations and policies (Goldman, 2010). The schemes include regional block unions, international monetary fund, World Bank and World Trade Organizations. There are also nongovernmental organizations that act as watch dogs for the country politics, policies, and regulations. Political integration has intergovernmental organizations that work above the politics of a country. This ensures governmental conformity to international law, policies, and regulations. Global politics are based on democracy, respect for human life and freedom of worship. This pursuit of a global descent politics faces a lot of resistance from religious controlled states. Countries that are have official religion or under dictatorship regime face a lot of pressure from international community to conform to international standard law. This mounted pressure faces resistance from the local government that leads to conflict between the state and western country societies. The push by international community to liberalize the state causes struggle for political power and formation of strong opposition groups. This creates enmity between the western societies and the local government. This also causes divisions in the country that lead to terror groups. The international community also advocates for freedom of religion that is not taken lightly by states that dictate states religion (Wordingham, 2013). For instance, most Islamic states prohibit any other religion apart from Muslim. This law is against international laws. Lastly, globalization has enabled moderation of immigration policies that has enables people around the world to travel and live anywhere they wish to. This has however not been implemented in some countries that put unrealistic requirements for one to immigrate to their state. For example, only Malaysia and Turkey out of other Islamic states that allow immigrates to settle in their countries. Other Islamic states have immigration laws that cannot be met as a method of eliminating emigrates from their country. Globalization has driven development and transfer of information technology. Information technology has enabled spread and increased intelligence of terror groups. Information technology has increased methods of communications that enable terrorists to send and receive information when planning and executing terror attack. First, information technology enable terrorist receive updates about what is happening to their target audience. They are able to follow though the internet what their enemies are planning for them. For instance, when United Nations holds a conference and discusses about resolutions on terrorism, they are able to get all the information that was discussed in the conference. Terrorists also follow influential international leaders and organizations on social media and are able to get latest updates. Terrorists use the information they receive to attack civilians and prepare when they are about to be attacked. Secondly, information technology enables terrorists to co mmunicate about their actions. They used the social media to claim responsibility of terror attack. For instance, they take videos or tweet about a terror attack aimed at claiming responsibility. Thirdly, the terrorists use the integrated information system to bide their identity on the internet. They use the internet to buy or request products without being noticed. They also use information technology to fake documents that they use to travel or enter guarded places. Terrorists pose several visas, identity cards and permits to enable them move to different places around the world. Lastly, information technology enables terrorists recruit militants over the internet. Terrorists use the internet to persuade, convince, and recruit individuals to work in their terror groups. The internet enables them to access a wide audience from which they can get potential individuals willing to work with them. This increases the number of terrorists. In addition, globalization of information techn ology has enabled terrorists launch attack. The terrorists use GPS to locate where they want to target. They also use equipments that use integrated information systems to meet their objectives. Lastly, globalization has enabled global mobility. People are able to move with ease from one part of the world to another. There is also airways connectivity to all major towns in the world. This makes it convenient for anyone to travel the world and also commute around a city/town. Terrorists take advantage of this fact and travel every in the world to attack civilian. For instance, they are able to travel and launch several attacks at the same time in different location. From the argument in this essay, globalization is the modern facilitator or trigger of terrorism. Integration of the world socially has led to emergence of frustrated achievers to the modern civilization. This has caused the society to get divided on bases of beliefs and practices. Integration of the economies has also empowered terror groups to unravel their full potential. This has also frustrated stagnate economies to envy steady growing economies. Political integration has mounted pressure to countries to conform to certain laws, policies, and regulations that has faced resistance and has divided governments. Integration and transfer of information technology has enabled terrorists communicate effectively and coordinate their attack. Global mobility has also enabled terror groups to travel around the world and attack their targets. Therefore, I can conclude that terrorism has been primarily been due because of globalization. References Asal, V. (2011). Examining the Causes and Effects of Terrorism. International Studies Review, 13(2), 318-321. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2486.2011.01017.x Chowdhury, A. (2010). Understanding How Globalization Fosters Insecurity. International Studies Review, 12(4), 672-674. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2486.2010.00984.x Freeman, M. (2008). Democracy, Al Qaeda, and the Causes of Terrorism: A Strategic Analysis of U.S. Policy. Studies In Conflict Terrorism, 31(1), 40-59. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10576100701759996 Goldman, O. (2010). The Globalization of Terror Attacks. Terrorism And Political Violence, 23(1), 31-59. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2010.514776 Lutz, B., Lutz, J. (2016). Globalisation and Terrorism in the Middle East. Terrorismanalysts.com. Retrieved 22 August 2017, from https://www.terrorismanalysts.com/pt/index.php/pot/article/view/459/html Singh, J. (2012). Is Terrorism a Drawback of Globalization?. Global Journal For Research Analysis, 3(5), 128-129. https://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778160/may2014/49 Schmid,,A. P (2015). Root Causes of Terrorism: Some Conceptual Notes, a Set of Indicators, and a Model. ResearchGate. Retrieved 22 August 2017, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/250893571_Root_Causes_of_Terrorism_Some_Conceptual_Notes_a_Set_of_Indicators_and_a_Model Ta ?sp?nar, . (2009). Fighting Radicalism, not Terrorism: Root Causes of an International Actor Redefined. Retrieved 22 August 2017, from https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/summer_fall_radicalism_taspinar.pdf Wordingham, G. (2013). Islamist radicalisation in Europe and the Middle East: reassessing the causes of terrorism, edited by George Joff. Critical Studies On Terrorism, 6(2), 340-342. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2013.791063

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

Leading and Managing People in Education

Question: Discuss about the Leading and Managing People in Education. Answer: Introduction The report essentially focuses on understanding the job analysis and descriptions carried out based on the Weberian Model. It also focuses on understanding the job descriptions and analysis associated with the emergence of flexible work structures and work schedules. The report also aims to conduct job analysis for staffs operating in a 24/7 work environment and also in a multitasking environment. Finally, the paper also aims to underline the job analysis and descriptions for graduates required to work as innovators in different firms. The growth of complexity of the business environment with also the reduced availability of effective staffs requires the business institutions to effectively train and enhance the productivity of the existing tasks such that the same contributes in meeting of departmental and business objectives within an effective period. Moreover, the business institutions are also required to enhance their productivity and efficiency patterns for addressing the changing and emerging needs of the customers. The same requires the firms for formulating effective job analysis and descriptions for recruiting the right type of employees in the organisation (Kaur, 2013). Job Analysis and the Weberian Model The Bureaucratic Model rendered by Max Weber essentially divides the total work into a number of simple jobs. Further the Weberian Model essentially focuses on the development of specialised departments that essentially cater to the meeting of specific functions and business processes. The departments are required to be effectively constituted by staffs and managers possessing specialised knowledge, skills and expertise that would contribute in meeting the objectives of the specialised tasks(Ritzer, 2014). The existence of an increased degree of work specialisation in the firm rightly contributes in enhancing the efficiency and productivity level of the business institution. The identification and generation of specialised job roles in the business institution rightly required the business managers to essentially focus on recruiting personnel possessing specialised skills, proficiencies and abilities for addressing the objectives of the specialised job roles and departments(Greene S chriver, 2016). Emergence of Handy and Flexible Structures The emergence of handy and flexible organisation structures that can be changed over a time period requires the recruitment of personnel possessing multitasking abilities. The personnel recruited and required to work in a flexible work environment would be required to handle other sets of tasks other than those specified over the job descriptions. They are required to act in a versatile manner in any given situation. Moreover, operating in a flexible work setting would also require the personnel to work for long working hours. They are also required to act in a flexible fashion for effectively adapting to the changes brought about in the work schedules like working in different types of shifts. The work description would thus indicate both on the multitasking abilities and also ability to work in various shifts from the interviewees(Rose, 2014). Again, the development of handy and flexible work structures also requires the individual employees and staffs to have needed knowledge relating to different types of systems and software used by the firm. The same would help them in employing the systems and software for operating in an organised fashion. The job roles thus require working knowledge of systems and software for the new recruits (Nasermoadeli, Ling, Severi, 2013). A flexible organisation and work structure also contributes in generating increased exposure to the staffs and managers for growing with the firm. The job descriptions and roles thus encourage the staffs to grow up the organisational ladder. Finally, the flexible and handy work environment also requires the staffs to work in a autonomous and independent fashion irrespective of any location and time for adequately serving the different types of work or task descriptions. It requires the staffs to show their ownerships regarding the accomplishment of projects in an effective fashion(Leung, 2016). Impact of Multi-Tasking on Job Analysis The multitasking abilities are required when particular staffs are required to conduct a job that can be essentially divided along more than one specific task head. Further, multitask description is also employed in situations where the task variables also vary with respect to the conducting of the tasks. The job analysis worksheet is required thereby to highlight and reflect on the different roles that are required to be played by a staff in ideally fulfilling the multitask roles. The same is illustrated as under. During the interview process the multitasking abilities of individual staffs can be effectively gauged by an interviewer based on asking different questions like the different types of tasks or roles that can be played by the employee at a specified period. The interviewer also focuses on understanding the fashion the interviewee tends to prioritise the different work functions while also aims to employ reduced amount of resources and generates effective decision masking to fulfil the different task roles in an effective fashion. Further, individual job analysis in multitasking functions or projects also require the manner the individual reflects the ability of identifying and in countering the different type of hurdles that tend to emerge in the course of project accomplishment. Examples of multitasking are like an advertisement posted by the Maryland for a state level manager requiring an individual with needed knowledge of computer, strong interpersonal and organisational skills a nd also knowledge for project planning to adequately fit in the multitasking role (Nelson Quick, 2013). Role of Job Analysis in the 24/7 Work Environment The job descriptions for employees like technical and customer support representatives operating in a 24/7 operating environment are essentially divided along essential functions or tasks needed to be done, the qualifications and expertise needed of the employees and also the conditions of the work required to be met. In terms of job responsibilities, the employees operating in a 24/7 operating environment are required to deliver effective service through the use of both telephones and other types of internet enabled devices and gadgets. Again, the employees are also required to maintain effective interactions with customers for helping in effective handling of queries and resolving their problems and concerns (Evanschitzky, Ramaseshan, Woisetschlger, Richelsen, Blut, Backhaus, 2012). The staffs are also required to effectively resolve problems associated to internet connectivity and other technical issues faced by the customers and thereby in emailing clients the status of the problems. Similarly, other job descriptions also include like requiring using given resources for researching the different problems and prioritising significant issues to thereby escalate them to higher authority for steady and effective resolution (Hollebeek, 2011). The customer servicing and technical staffs likewise are also required to generate alternative solutions to the customers such that the same contributes in retaining prospective clients to the business institution. The 24/7 staffs are also required to be updated with changes in policies and also other updates such that the same can be effectively communicated to the customers. They are also required to effectively record the calls through the use of tracking software for it can be used later for training purposes (Saks et al., 2010). The 24/7 staffs are required to possess effective writing and verbal communication skills such that the same helps in effectively communicating with the clients, colleagues and also senior organisational members within the firm. Further, they are required to have an effective knowledge of computers and also regarding different software packages. Most importantly the staffs are required to have effective listening skills in that the same would help them in addressing the needs of the client groups in a specific fashion. Graduates Expected to Work as Innovators For graduates required to work as innovators the Job Role identified is like Innovation Graduates and Creative Designers. The incumbent is required to have an effective knowledge of programming and skills required and other knowledge areas related to computer applications for designing. Apart from possessing an effective knowledge of design and innovation based in computers the incumbents are also required to have effective knowledge of numeracy skills and also requires needed ability for operating and collaborating with other co-workers and team members. The incumbent is required to work in a collaborative fashion with other organisational members for fulfilment of departmental and institutional goals (Phil Klaus Maklan, 2013). The incumbent is required to work in an independent fashion for meeting of personal deadlines regarding completion of innovation and creative design projects. Further, the innovation and creative graduates are also required to reflect effective organisational skills and also needed ability to prioritise the different functions. The graduate staffs are also required to have needed knowledge relating to standard and effective Information and Communication Technology packages in that the same helps in effective administration, planning and delivery functions (Bush Middlewood, 2013). Conclusions The analysis reflects that job descriptions based on Webers Bureaucratic Model essentially prioritised relating to the development of specialised skill sets and functions which in turn required the recruitment of personnel having needed competencies and skill sets for addressing the different job roles. The emergence of a flexible work environment in turn required the recruitment of staffs having multitasking abilities such that they can help in addressing the needs of different roles and functions in a synchronised fashion. Further, the job descriptions also reflected requirement of staffs to work for more than normal working hours in a flexible work setting. Versatility is identified to be essential prerequisite for staffs required to work in a flexible work setting. The staffs are also required to work in an autonomous fashion while working in an independent work environment. Staffs are also required to work in a self motivated fashion such that the expertise and proficiencies reflected by them would help them gain an effective place in the organisational hierarchy. The analysis of the job roles in the multitasking environment requires the staffs to have efficient knowledge and expertise for having needed ability regarding achievement of departmental and business objectives with reduced resources. Further, a job analysis sheet is also reflected for the event such that it reflects on the variation associated with the different tasks and the resources required to be employed by the staffs for fulfilling stated objectives. The job or task analysis in a multitasking environment also requires the identification of job hurdles and the modes of countering such by the incumbents. The analysis of the staff roles for a 24/7 environment is analysed in the report based on analysing the case of support and technical staffs involved in customer care firms. Different types of prerequisites regarding their qualification and proficiencies and also the demand for tasks relating to the job roles are identified. 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